Primary Function: Uruhererekane rw'Ibitabo Book Text: Cultural Wars Against Poland ni uruhererekane rw'ibitabo by'amateka bya siyansi yamamaye byasohowe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Umuco muri Polonye. Uru ruhererekane rukubiyemo igihe kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17 kugeza mu gice cya mbere cy'ikinyejana cya 20. Impapuro z'igifuniko zikakaye cyane zikomeza ubutumwa bw'intambara, ubukakayi n'isenyuka. Ishusho y'urupapuro rutabuwe ku bifuniko ryakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gucapa nta rangi (blind stamping). Imbere hacapishijwe amabara abiri, umukara n'umutuku ukomeye, aho umutuku werekeza ku mabara y'ibendera rya Polonye. Ubwoko bwo guhambira bwa Otabind butuma buri gitabo gishobora gufunguka kikaba giteganye neza kugira ngo gusoma byoroshye.

Izina ry'umushinga : Cultural Wars Against Poland, Izina ryabashushanya : Aleksandra Toborowicz, Izina ry'abakiriya : National Centre for Culture Poland.

Ibishushanyo mbonera ni ibyamamare bizwi cyane bituma Isi yacu iba nziza hamwe nibishusho byabo byiza. Menya abashushanya ibyamamare nibikorwa byabo bishya, ibihangano byumwimerere, ubwubatsi bwo guhanga, imiterere yimyambarire idasanzwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya. Ishimire kandi ushishoze ibikorwa byumwimerere byabashushanyo batsindiye ibihembo, abahanzi, abubatsi, abashya nibirango kwisi yose. Shishikarizwa n'ibishushanyo mbonera.